Gatsby Embodies West Egg Essay

In the novel, â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, Scott Fitzgerald uses various literary devices such as theme, irony, and characterization to embody Gatsby with West Egg characteristics. The Great Gatsby is set in New York and on Long Island, in two areas known as West Egg and East Egg. The narrator, Nick, describes West Egg as the home to the â€Å"new rich,† those who, having made their fortunes recently, have neither the social connections nor the refinement to move among the East Egg set. West Egg is characterized by lavish displays of wealth and garish poor taste. Both locations can be seen generally as: established aristocracy for East Egg and the self-made rich in West Egg. Therefore, there’s definitely a discrepancy between the two places. Gatsby, one of the protagonists of the novel, lives in a huge mansion in West Egg and is an urbane man. He hosts parties every night which are full of fun and action, he seems like a man that exhilarates people to have fun. Gatsby embodies the characteristics of West Egg as he, at least until chapter 5, has made himself rich. In chapter 5 Gatsby clarifies that he did inherit his money from his family who bequeathed it to him, however he â€Å"lost most of it in the big panic- the panic of the war† (Fitzgerald 87). Therefore he got involved in the drug business and oil business to make money again, which he is no longer involved in. This is one way Gatsby embodies West Egg as he made himself rich by working in these 2 businesses. It is clear that Gatsby is wealthy as he owns an enormous house with â€Å"a swim pool, beach, vast garden, fancy parties and marble everywhere† (Fitzgerald 11). This portrays one of the themes in the novel, the clash between â€Å"old money† and â€Å"new money†, that manifests itself in the novel’s symbolic geography: East Egg and West Egg. Gatsby would be considered the â€Å"new money†, while people such as Tom, which come from a wealthy family, is the â€Å"old money†. This is a pivotal theme throughout the novel as it affects various aspects of characters and setting. This also relates to how the discrepancy between West Egg and East Egg affects the characterization of certain characters. Gatsby is characterized as a man that is wealthy and loves to share his â€Å"happiness† with others by hosting numerous parties which are full of expensive drinks such as â€Å"Chartreuse† (Fitzgerald 88) held in his luxurious mansion. Irony is also present in the first chapters of the novel, as before Nick Carraway met Gatsby, no one truly knew who he was or where he came from. There where a few rumors, such as him killing someone or being the son of a German king, however no one knew the truth and people wanted to ascertain more about Gatsby. Many scrutinized his background as many wondered where he came from, and who he truly was. Throughout the novel the reader know learns more about Gatsby. One might expect Gatsby, the organizer of the huge parties, to be an active, energetic, and creative person; however its ironic how the reader finds out Gatsby is the complete opposite. He is describes as a man of class, elegant, who doesn’t drink, isn’t an alcoholic, and isn’t a great partier himself, as he isn’t often present during his parties where everyone else is. This is another reason why he embodies the characteristics of West Egg, because in West Egg, those who made themselves rich, don’t, or at least until now, haven’t mentioned the way they earned their wealth. Gatsby doesn’t tell everyone immediately the way he became rich, he rarely talks about it. Also Nick, the narrator, he lives in West Egg, therefore he must have some sort of wealth, however he doesn’t mention it or clarifies exactly where he got it from. Instead East Egg seems to work in a different way, since it’s the place of â€Å"old money† and established aristocracy, that means people are established rich and have most likely inherited wealth from their family, such as Tom. Therefore, Fitzgerald portrays Gatsby in such ways that fulfill the characteristics of a man living in West Egg.

Training Report on Wholesale Banking Operation in Axis Bank.

REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING OF Submitted to KCL-IMT (PTU) In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted by: Name of the student : KIRAN DOGRA Roll No: 1174251| Supervisor: Dr. SUKHMANI WARAICH Ass. prof. | DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT KCL-IMT JALANDHAR BATCH-2011-2013 DECLARATIONI, â€Å"KIRAN DOGRA†, hereby declare that the work presented herein is genuine work done originally by me and has not been published or submitted elsewhere for the requirement of a MBA program me. Any literature, data or works done by others and cited within this research project has been given due acknowledgement and listed in the reference section. _______________________ (Student's name ; Signature) PREFACE Someone has rightly said that practical experience is for  better and closer to the real world then mere theoretical exposure. The practical experience helps the students view the real world closely, which in turn widely nfluences their  perceptions and argument their understanding of the real situation. Report work constitutes the backbone of any management education program me. A management student has to do report work quite frequently during his entire span. The report work entitle â€Å"WHOLESALE BANKING OPERATION OF AXIS BANK† aims to analyze various services and products provided by AXIS and for this purpose TANDA city have been chosen. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project work of Ms. KIRAN DOGRA on WHOLESALE BANKING OPERATION with AXIS BANK has been compiled under my supervision and guidance. _________________________ (Faculty Name ; Signature) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I present this project report on â€Å"whole banking operations† IN AXISBANK LTD. , WARDHA with a sense of great pleasure and satisfaction. I undersign with pleasure take this opportunity to thank all those related directly or indirectly in preparation of this project report. I started working on this project under the invaluable guidance of Honorable Miss. Riddhi Deshpande mam for which I am very much thankful for her valued time given for the purpose. Without her co-operation our project work would have been difficult to complete.I express our sincere thanks to Mr. HITESH RAWAL, (Branch Manager) in Axis Bank Ltd. ,TANDA and staff in that organization. I am also thankful to Dr. INDERPREET SINGH sir [Director of our college] and Miss. sukhmani waraich [Project In charge] to allow us to carry out this project. I also thank all my friends who have more or less contributed to the preparation of this project report. I will be always indebted to them. INDEX S. No. | CHAPTERS| PAGE No. | 1. | CHAPTER – 1 (COMPANY PROFILE)| 8-22| 1. 1 | Introduction of axis bank| 8| 1. 2| History of axis bank| 9-13| 1. 3| Management of axis bank| 14-15| 1. | Definition of banking| 15| 1. 5| Meaning of banking| 15| 1. 6| Product of axis bank| 15-16| 1. 7| Customer services on banking operation| 16-17| 1. 8| Tradit ional banking activity | 17| 1. 9 | Accounting for bank account| 17-18| 1. 10| Economic function| 18-20| 1. 11| Types of investment ban| 20| 1. 12| Mortgage banking| 20-22| 1. 13| KYC (know your customer)| 22| 1. 14| Competitors | 22| | | | 2. | CHAPTER – 2| 23-26| | Need, Scope, Objectives, methodology and limitation of the study. | 23-26| | | | | | | 3. | Chapter – 3| 27-38| 3. 1| Project introduction| 27| 3. 2| Meaning of wholesale banking operation| 27-28| . 3| Concept | 28-34| 3. 4| Current account information| 34-35| 3. 4. 1| Channel one:(for successful business)| 34| 3. 4. 2| Builders and real estate| 35| 3. 5| Training in wholesale banking operation| 35-38| 3. 5. 1| Corporate| 35-36| 3. 5. 2| Small and medium enterprises| 36-37| 3. 5. 3| Government | 37-38| | | | 4. | Chapter – 4| 39-51| 4. 1| Data analysis| 39-51| | | | 5. | Chapter – 5| 52| 5. 1| Finding and suggestion| 52| 5. 2| Conclusion and recommendation| 52| | | | 6. | Chapter – 6| 53| | Bibliography| 54| | Appendices-Customer Feedback Form| 55-57| CHAPTER 1 1. COMPANY PROFILE 1. INTRODUCTION OF AXIS BANK Commercial banking services which includes merchant banking, direct finance infrastructure finance, venture capital fund, advisory, trusteeship, forex, treasury and other related financial services. Axis Bank Limited  is an Indian  financial services  firm that had begun operations in 1994, after the  Government of India  allowed new private banks to be established. The Bank was promoted jointly by the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India  (UTI),  Life Insurance Corporation of India  (LIC), General Insurance Corporation Ltd. , National Insurance Company Ltd.The New India Assurance Company,  The Oriental Insurance corporation  and  United India Insurance Company  UTI holds a special position in the Indian capital markets and has promoted many leading financial institutions in the country. As on the year ended 31 March, 2012, Axis Bank had an operating revenue of 13,437 crores and a net profit of 4242 crores. Axis Bank opened its registered office in Ahmedabad and corporate office in Mumbai in December 1993. The first branch was inaugurated in April 1994 in Ahmedabad by Dr. Manmohan Singh , then the honorable Finance Minister . 1. 2 HISTORY OF AXIS BANK 1993:The Bank was incorporated on 3rd December and Certificate of business on 14th December. The Bank transacts banking business of all description. UTI Bank Ltd. was promoted by Unit Trust of India, Life Insurance Corporation of India, General Insurance Corporation of India and its four subsidiaries. The bank was the first private sector bank to get a license under the new guidelines issued by the RBI. 1997: The Bank obtained license to act as Depository Participant with NSDL and applied for registration with SEBI to act as `Trustee to Debenture Holders'. Rupees 100 crores was contributed by UTI, the rest from LIC Rs 7. crores, GIC and its four subsidiaries Rs 1. 5 crores each. 1998: The Bank has 28 branches in urban and semi urban areas as on31st July. All the branches are fully computerized and networked through VSAT. ATM services are available in 27 branches. The Bank came out with a public issue of 1,50,00,000 No. of equity shares of Rs10 each at a premium of Rs 11 per share aggregating to Rs 31. 50crores and Offer for sale of 2,00,00,000 No. of equity shares for cash at a price of Rs 21 per share. Out of the public issue 2, 20,000 shares were reserved for allotment on preferential basis to employees of UTI Bank.Balance of 3, 47, 80,000 shares were offered to the public. The company offers ATM cards, using which account-holders can with draw money from any of the bank's ATMs across the country which is inter-connected by VSAT. UTI Bank has launched a new retail product with operational flexibility for its customers. UTI Bank will sign a co-brand agreement with the market, leader, Citibank NA for entering i nto the highly promising credit card business. UTI Bank promoted by India's pioneer mutual fund Unit Trust of India along with LIC, GIC and its four subsidiaries. 1999: UTI Bank and Citibank have launched an international co-branded Credit card.UTI Bank and Citibank have come together to launch an international co-branded credit card under the Master Card umbrella. UTI Bank Ltd has inaugurated an offsite ATM at Ashok Nagar here, taking the total number of its offsite ATMs. 2000: The Bank has announced the launch of Tele-Depository Services for Its depository clients. UTI Bank has launch of `I Connect', its Internet banking Product. UTI Bank has signed a memorandum of understanding with equitymaster. com for e-broking activities of the site. Infinity. com financial Securities Ltd. , an e-broking outfit is Typing up with UTI Bank for a banking interface.Geojit Securities Ltd, the first company to start online trading services, has signed a MoU with UTI Bank to enable investors to buys ell demat stocks through the company's website. India bulls have signed a memorandum of understanding with UTI Bank. UTI Bank has entered into an agreement with Stock Holding Corporation of India for providing loans against hares to SCHCIL's customers and funding investors in public and rights issues. ICRA has upgraded the rating UTI Bank's Rs 500 crores certificate of deposit programmed to A1+. UTI Bank has tied up with L&T Trade. com for providing customized online trading solution for brokers. 001: UTI Bank launched a private placement of non-convertible debentures to rise up to Rs 75 crores. UTI Bank has opened two offsite ATMs and one extension counter with an ATM in Mangalore, taking its total number of ATMs across the country to 355. UTI Bank has recorded 62 per cent rise in net profit for the quarter ended September 30, 2001, at Rs 30. 95 crores. For the second quarter ended September 30, 2000, the net profit was Rs 19. 08 crores. The total income of the bank during the quar ter was up 53 per cent at Rs 366. 25 crores. 2002: UTI Bank Ltd has informed BSE that Shri B R Barwale has resigned as a Director of the Bank w. . f. January 02, 2002. A C Shah, former chairman of Bank of Baroda, also retired from the bank’s board in the third quarter of last year. His place continues to be vacant. MD a modern took over as the director of the board after taking in there INS of UTI. B S Pandit has also joined the bank’s board subsequent to the retirement of K G Vassal. UTI Bank Ltd has informed that Shri Paul Fletcher has been appointed as an Additional Director Nominee of CDC Financial Service (Mauritius) Ltd of the Bank . And Shri Donald Peck has been appointed as an Additional Director (nominee of South Asia Regional Fund) of the Bank.UTI Bank Ltd has informed that on laying down the office of Chairman of LIC on being appointed as Chairman of SEBI, Shri G N Bajpai, Nominee Director of LIC has resigned as a Director of the Bank. 2003: UTI Bank Ltd has informed BSE that at the meeting of the Board of Directors of the company held on January 16, 2003, Shri R N Bharadwaj, Managing Director of LIC has been appointed as an Additional Director of the Bank with immediate effect. – UTI Bank, the private sector bank has opened a branch at Nellore. The bank’s Chairman and Managing Director, Dr P. J. Nayak, inaugurating the bank branch at GT Road on May 26.Speaking on the occasion, Dr Nayak said. This marks another step towards the extensive customer banking focus that we are providing across the country and reinforces our commitment to bring superior banking services, marked by convenience and closeness to customers. -UTI Bank Ltd. has informed the Exchange that at its meeting held on June 25, 2003 the BOD have decided the following: 1) To appoint Mr. A T Pannir Selvam, former CMD of Union Bank of India and Prof. Jayanth Varma of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad as additional directors of the Bank with immediate effect.Further, Mr. Pannir Selvam will be the nominee director of the Administrator of the specified undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI-I) and Mr. Jayanth Varma will be an Independent Director. 2) To issue Non-Convertible Unsecured Redeemable Debentures up to Rs. 100 crores, in one or more tranches as the Bank's Tier – II capital. -UTI has been authorized to launch 16 ATM son the Western Railway Stations of Mumbai Division. -UTI filed suit against financial institutions IFCI Ltd in the debt recovery tribunal at Mumbai to recover Rs. 5cr in dues. -UTI bank made an entry to the Food Credit Programme; it has made an entry into the 59 cluster which includes private sector, public sector, old private sector and co-operative banks. -Shri Ajeet Prasad, Nominee of UTI has resigned as the director of the bank. -Banks Chairman and MD Dr. P. J. Nayak inaugurated a new branch at Nellore. -UTI bank allots shares under Employee Stock Option Scheme to its employees. -Unveils pre-p aid travel card ‘Visa Electron Travel Currency Card' -Allotment of 58923equity shares of Rs 10 each under ESOP. UTI Bank ties up with UK govt fund for contract farm in -Shri B S Pandit, nominee of the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India(UTI-I) has resigned as a director from the Bank w e f November 12,2003. -UTI Bank unveils new ATM in Sikkim. 2004: Comes out with Rs. 500 Unsecured Redeemable Non-Convertible Debenture Issue, issue fully subscribed -UTI Bank Ltd has informed that Shri Ajeet Prasad, Nominee of the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI – I) has been appointed as an Additional Director of the Bank w. e. f. January 20,2004. UTI Bank opens new branch in Udupi-UTI Bank, Geojit in pact for trading platform in Qatar -UTI Bank ties up with Shri ram Group Cos-Unveils premium payment facility through ATMs applicable to LIC UTI Bank customers –Metal junction (MJ)- the online trading and pr ocurement joint venture of Tata Steel and Steel Authority of India(SAIL)- has roped in UTI Bank to start off own equipment for Tata Steel. -DIEBOLD Systems Private Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Diebold Incorporated, has secured a major contract for the supply of ATMs an services to UTI Bank -HSBC completes acquisition of 14. % stake in UTI Bank for . 6 m -UTI Bank installs ATM in Thiruvananthapuram –Launches Remittance Card' in association with Remit2India, a Web site offering money transfer services. 2005: * UTI Bank enters into a banc assurance partnership with Bajaj Allianz General for selling general insurance products through its branch network. * UTI Bank launches its first Satellite Retail Assets Centre (SRAC) in Karnataka at Mangalore. 2006: * UBL sets up branch in Jaipur. UTI Bank unveils priority banking lounge. * UTI Bank launches operations of UBL Sales, its Sales Subsidiary -Inaugurates its first office in Bangalore. * UTI Bank announces the launch of its Cre dit Card Business. * UTI Bank becomes the first Indian Bank to successfully issue Foreign Currency Hybrid Capital in the International Market. * UTI Bank Business Gold Debit Card MasterCard Launched – Designed for business related spending by SMEs and self employed professionals. 2007:AXIS Bank Ltd has informed that consequent upon handing over charge as Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (SUUTI), Shri. S B Mathur, the Nominee Director of SUUTI has resigned as a Director of the Bank December 06, 2007. * AXIS Bank Ltd has informed that Fitch Ratings on December 14, 2007, has upgraded the Bank's National Long-term rating to ‘AAA(ind)' from ‘AA+(ind)'. * AXIS Bank Ltd has appointed Shri K N Prithvi raj as an Additional Director on the Board at Directors of the Bank. * Company name has been changed from UTI Bank Ltd to Axis Bank Ltd. 008: * Axis Bank launches Platinum Credit Card, India's first EMV chip based card. * Axis Bank set up its branch at Ilanji at Meenakshi Nagar on the Coutralam-Madurai road on April 16. 2009: * Axis Bank today said its board has recommended the appointment of Shikha Sharma, currently chief of ICICI group's life insurance business, as its next managing director and CEO. * Axis Bank has set up a new branch at Perumbavoor. The bank has a network of 832 branches along with 8 extension counters and 3622 ATMs across the country. Axis Bank, on Wednesday entered into a strategic alliance with Motilal Oswal, the financial services firm, in order to facilitate the online trading for the bank's customers. * AXIS Bank Ltd has informed that the Board of Directors of the Bank at its meeting held on June 01, 2009, inducted Smt. Shikha Sharma as an Additional Director of the Bank. * Axis bank has received final clearance from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to begin its mutual fund operations and will launch debt and equity schemes soon whereas IDBI Bank is awaiting the regulator' s permit for an entry. Axis Bank opened the new branch at Irinjalakuda while it has a network of 892 branches, 8 extension counters and 3,806 ATMs across the country. 2010: Axis Bank Limited has informed that at the meeting of the Board of Directors held on January 15, 2010, the following decisions were taken: * To appoint Dr. Adarsh Kishore, former Finance Secretary, Government of India and former Executive Director, International Monetary Fund representing Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Sri Lanka as the Non-Executive Chairman of the Bank, subject to RBI approval; * To appoint Shri S.B. Mathur, former Chairman, LIC and the National Stock Exchange of India, as an Additional Independent Director, with immediate effect. 1. 3 MANAGEMENT OF AXIS BANK ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF AXIS BANK PROMOTERS: Axis Bank Ltd. has been promoted by the largest and the best Financial Institution of the country, UTI. The Bank was set up with a capital of Rs. 115 crores, with UTI contributing Rs. 100 Crores , LIC – Rs. 7. 5 Crores and GIC and its four subsidiaries contributing Rs. . 5 Crores each SUUTI – Shareholding 27. 02%Erstwhile Unit Trust of India was setup as a body corporate under the UTI Act, 1963, with a view to encourage savings and investment. In December 2002, the UTI Act, 1963 was repealed with the passage of Unit Trust of India (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 2002 by the Parliament, paving the way for the bifurcation of UTI into 2 entities, UTI-I and UTI-II with effect from1st February 2003. In accordance with the Act, the Undertaking specified as UTI I has been transferred and ested in the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (SUUTI), who manages assured return schemes along with 6. 75% US-64 Bonds,6. 60% ARS Bonds with a Unit Capital of over Rs. 14167. 59 crores. The Government of India has currently appointed Shri K. N. Prithviraj as the Administrator of the Specified undertaking of UTI, to look after and admini ster the schemes under UTI where Government has continuing obligations and commitments to the investors, which it will uphold. 1. 4 DEFINITIONS OF BANKINGA bank is a financial institution licensed by a government. Its primary activity is to lend money. Many other financial activities were allowed over time. For example banks are important players in financial markets and offer financial services such as investment funds. Banking can also be defined as engaging in the business of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing loans and credit. Transacting business with a bank: Depositing or withdrawing funds or requesting a loan.Bank – a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies) 1. 5 MEANING OF BANKING An organization, usually a corporation, chartered by a state or federal government, which does most or all of the following: receives demand deposits and time deposits, honors instruments drawn on them, and pays in terest on them; discounts notes, makes loans, and invests in securities; collects checks, drafts, and notes; certifies depositor's checks; and issues drafts and cashier's checks. 1. 6 PRODUCT OF AXIS BANK * Product of axis bank * Easy Access Saving Account Saving Account for Women * Prime Saving Account * Senior Citizens Saving Account * Priority Banking * Corporate Salary Account * Trust /NGOs Saving Account * Resident Foreign Currency Account * Online Trading Account * Current Account * Term Deposits * Locker Facilities * NRI Services * Depository Services * Financial Advisory Services * Wealth Management Services * Insurance Solutions – Life and General * Retail Loans * Credit Loans * Travel Currency Cards * Remittance Cards * Gift Cards 1. 7 CUSTOMER SERVICE IN BANKING OPERATION * Cheque Drop Box FacilityRBI's Committee on Procedures and Performance Audit on Public Services has recommended that both the drop box facility and the facility for acknowledgement of the cheques at the regular collection counters should be available to customers and no branch should refuse to give an acknowledgement if the customer tenders the cheques at the counters. * Issue of Cheque Books: The Committee has observed that some banks do not allow depositors to collect their cheque book at the branch but insist on dispatching the cheque book by courier to the depositor.Further, it is stated by the Committee that the deposit or is forced to sign a declaration that a dispatch by the courier is at the depositor's risk and consequence and that the depositor shall not hold the bank liable in any manner whatsoever in respect of such dispatch of cheque book. Committee has observed this as an unfair practice and advised banks to refrain from obtaining such undertakings from depositors. Banks should also ensure that cheque books are delivered over the counters on request to the depositors or his authorized representative. Statement of Accounts / Pass Books: The Committee has noted that banks invariably show the entries in depositor’s passbooks /statement of accounts as â€Å"By Clearing† or â€Å"By Cheque†. Further, in the case of Electronic Clearing System (ECS) and RBI Electronic Funds Transfer (RBIEFTR) banks invariably do not provide any details even though brief particulars of the remittance are provided to the receiving bank. In some cases computerized entries use sophisticated codes which just cannot be deciphered.With a view to avoiding inconvenience to depositors, banks are advised to avoid such inscrutable entries in passbooks statements of account and ensure that brief, intelligible particulars are invariably entered in passbooks / statements of account. Banks may also ensure that they adhere to the monthly periodicity prescribed by us while sending statement of accounts. 1. 8 TRADITIONAL BANKING ACTIVITIES Banks act as payment agents by conducting checking or current accounts for customers, paying cheques drawn by customers o n the bank, and collecting cheques deposited to customers' current accounts.Banks also enable customer payments via other payment methods such as telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, and ATM. Banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on current accounts, by accepting term deposits, and by issuing debt securities such as bank notes and bonds. Banks lend money by making advances to customers on current accounts, by making installment loans, and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending. Banks provide almost all payment services, and a bank account is considered indispensable by most businesses, individuals and governments.Non-banks that provide payment services such as remittance companies are not normally considered an adequate substitute for having a bank account. Banks borrow most funds from households and non-financial businesses, and lend most funds to households and non-financial businesses, but non-bank lenders provide a significant and in many cases adequate substitute for bank loans, and money market funds, cash management trusts and other non-bank financial institutions in many cases provide an adequate substitute to banks. 1. 9 ACCOUNTING FOR BANK ACCOUNTBank statements are accounting records produced by banks under the various accounting standards of the world. Under GAAP and IFRS there are two kinds of accounts: debit and credit. Credit accounts are Revenue, Equity and Liabilities. Debit Accounts are Assets and Expenses. This means you credit a credit account to increase its balance, and you debit a debit account to increase its balance. This also means you debit your savings account every time you deposit money into it (and the account is normally in deficit), while you credit your credit card account every time you spend money from it (and the account is normally in credit).However, if you read your bank statement, it will say the opposite—that you credit your account when you deposit money, and you debit it when you withdraw funds. If you have cash in your account, you have a positive (or credit) balance; if you are overdrawn, you have a negative (or deficit) balance. There a son for this is that the bank, and not you, has produced the bank statement. Your savings might be your assets, but the bank's liability, so they are credit accounts (which should have a positive balance).Conversely, your loans are your liabilities but the bank's assets, so they are debit accounts (which should have a also have a positive balance). Where bank transactions, balances, credits and debits are discussed below, they are done so from the viewpoint of the accountholder—which is traditionally what most people are used to seeing. 1. 10 ECONIMIC FUNCTION * Issue of money: In the form of bank note sand current accounts subject to cheque or payment at the customer's order. These claim son banks can act as money because they are negotiable and/or repayable on demand, and hence valued at par.They are eff ectively transferable by mere delivery, in the case of banknotes, or by drawing a cheque that the payee may bank or cash. * Netting and settlement of payments: Banks act as both collection and paying agents for customers, participating in interbank clearing and settlement systems to collect, present, be presented with, and pay payment instruments. This enables banks to economies on reserves held for settlement of payments, since inward and outward payments offset each other. It also enables the offsetting of payment flows between geographical areas, reducing the cost of settlement between them. * Credit intermediation:Banks borrow and lend back-to-back on their own account as middle men. * Credit quality improvement: Banks lend money to ordinary commercial and personal borrowers (ordinary credit quality), but are high quality borrowers. The improvement comes from diversification of the bank's assets and capital which provides a buffer to absorb losses without defaulting on its oblig ations. However, banknotes and deposits are generally unsecured; if the bank gets into difficulty and pledges assets as security, to raise the funding it needs to continue to operate, this puts the note holders and depositors in an economically subordinated position. Maturity Transformation: Banks borrow more on demand debt and short term debt, but provide more long term loans. In other words, they borrow short and lend long. With a stronger credit quality than most other borrowers, banks can do this by aggregating issues (e. g. accepting deposits and issuing banknotes) and redemptions (e. g. withdrawals and redemptions of banknotes), maintaining reserves of cash, investing in marketable securities that can be readily converted to cash if needed, and raising replacement funding as needed from various sources (e. g. wholesale cash markets and securities markets). Banking channels: Banks offer many different channels to access their banking and other services: * A branch, banking cent re or financial centre is a retail location where a bank or financial institution offers a wide array of face-to-face service to its customers. * ATM is a computerized telecommunications device that provides a financial institution's customers a method of financial transactions in a public space without the need for a human clerk or bank teller. Most banks now have more ATMs than branches, and ATMs are providing a wider range of services to a wider range of users.For example in Hong Kong, most ATMs enable anyone to deposit cash to any customer of the bank's account by feeding in the notes and entering the account number to be credited. Also, most ATMs enable card holders from other banks to get their account balance and withdraw cash, even if the card is issued by a foreign bank. * Mail is part of the postal system which itself is a system where in written documents typically enclosed in envelopes, and also small packages containing other matter, are delivered to destinations around the world. This can be used to deposit cheques and to send orders to the bank to pay money to third parties.Banks also normally use mail to deliver periodic account statements to customers. * Telephone banking is a service provided by a financial institution which allows its customers to perform transactions over the telephone. This normally includes bill payments for bills from major billers (e. g. for electricity). * Online banking is a term used for performing transactions, payments etc. over the Internet through a bank, credit union or building society's secure website. * Mobile banking is a method of using one's mobile phone to conduct simple banking transactions by remotely linking into a banking network. Video banking is a term used for performing banking transactions or professional banking consultations via a remote video and audio connection. Video banking can be performed via purpose built banking transaction machines (similar to an Automated teller machine), or via a vi deoconference enabled bank branch. 1. 11 TYPES OF INVESTMENT BANKS * Investment banks â€Å"underwrite† (guarantee the sale of) stock and bond issues, trade for their own accounts, make markets, and advise corporations on capital market activities such as mergers and acquisitions. * Merchant banks were traditionally banks which engaged in trade finance.The modern definition, however, refers to banks which provide capital to firms in the form of shares rather than loans. Unlike venture capital firms, they tend not to invest in new companies. 1. 12 MORTGAGE BANKING Mortgage banking deals primarily with originating mortgage loans and servicing them. Read more about it here as well as about what a career in mortgage banking involves. Mortgage banking is meant for a single purpose, to service the real estate finance industry. Mortgage banking deals specifically with originating mortgage loans as well as servicing them.Mortgage banks are state-licensed entities from which consumers can get mortgage loans directly. Usually, mortgage banks avail funds from the Federal National Mortgage Association, or FNMA, also known as Fannie Mae, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or FHLMC, also known as Freddie Mac, or any other large companies that service mortgages, which are related to the secondary mortgage market. Here are a few pointers about the nitty-gritty of mortgage banking. * Mortgage Banks Specialize in Mortgage Loans: Unlike a savings bank that is federally chartered, in general mortgage banks specialize in only providing mortgage loans.Hence, customers do not deposit their money in these banks. As has been mentioned above, the secondary wholesale market is their primary source of funds. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are examples of the lenders in the secondary market. * Mortgage Banks Differ in Size: While some mortgage banks can be nationwide, others can originate a volume of loan that can exceed that of a commercial bank that is nationwide. Many of th ese mortgage banks utilize specialty servicers like Real Time Resolutions to carry out tasks like fraud detection work and repurchase. Mortgage Banks have Two Sources of Revenue: The two main sources of income are from loan servicing fees (if they are into loansevicing0, and fees from loan origination. Mortgage bankers, by and large, are choosing not to service the loans they have originated. That is because they are entitled to earn a service-released premium by selling them soon after the mortgage loans are closed and funded. The investor in the secondary market that purchases the loan has the ability of earning revenue for providing servicing of the loan every month the borrower keeps the loan. Different Banking Laws Apply to Mortgage Banks: Mortgage banks usually operate under banking laws that are quite different, according to the state they operate in. You will need to check each individual state’s financial department or state banking in order to get list of mortgage b ankers in each state. While federal laws apply to the operation of a federal bank, in terms of consumer protection, usually consumers have additional rights, which are applicable according to each state. * Mortgage Bankers can be More Competitive:Since they only specialize in lending and do not have to subsidize any of the losses that other departments may have incurred, as in regular banking, mortgage bankers have the ability of being really competitive when lending for mortgage. However, they usually do not have the advantage of accessing adjustable rate mortgages that are low cost, which federal banks are typically associated with, and federal money access. * A Career in Mortgage Banking: Professionals in mortgage banking in the job market today need to have a college degree in business or finance, or some specific experience or training related to the field.Skills in good customer service, an inherent ability with numbers, and computer skills are also essential requirements for mortgage banking jobs. A mortgage banking professional’s job involves reviewing credit scores, determining the kind of loan that is most beneficial for the customer and guiding them through the process of application as well as closing. The loan officer has to be very organized and detail oriented, and need to be able to handle the large amounts of paperwork and reporting that are required for getting loans approved, up to the closing.A mortgage banking professional also has to have thorough know-how about the regulations associated with federal mortgage as well as the various types. 1. 13 KYC (KNOW YOUR CUSTOMER) As per KYC guideline the RBI has advised banks to follow KYC guidelines of RBI mandates banks to collect three proofs from their customers they are1 Photograph2 Proof of Identity3 Proof of address Accordingly, Axis bank has framed its KYC procedure according to which, a photograph and documentary proof of personal identification and address proof are required t be p rovided.The account Opening form provides the nature of documents required / procedure to be followed for opening a new account. You may also log in to our websitewww. axisbank. com for such information which is displayed product-wise. 1. 14 COMPETITORS 1. ICICI Bank Ltd. 2. HDFC Bank Ltd. 3. State Bank of India 4. HSBC Bank 5. RBS (Royal Bank of Scotland) 6. Maharashtra Bank of India 7. Canara Bank 8. Andhra Bank 9. IDBI bank 10. Bank of India 11. Punjab National Bank 12. Central Bank 13. Allahabad Bank 14.ING Vysya 15. Centurion Bank CHAPTER 2 2. NEED, SCOPE, OBJECTIVE, METHODOLOGY AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 2. 1 NEED OF RESEARCH The research is significant for me and the bank thus significant as follow to the trainee as follow: – * To the trainee †¢The research has provided the trainee practical knowledge regarding the organization working, survey and other aspect of marketing. †¢This research is also essential for me in fulfillment of MBA curriculum. * To the bank Research would help the bank to get the lead of potential customer and current satisfaction level among existing relationship companies †¢To study the opportunity of cross sailing of other product and services †¢The suggestion provide the researcher will be helpful to improvement of class and quality of service to new and current customers and also help to enhance the activities * To the customer †¢The research will become a medium to convey the dissatisfaction factor to the appropriate person in the management 2. 2 SCOPE OF RESEARCHThe research was conducted for AXIS bank limited in Hoshiarpur City. The research was conducted in operational and marketing aspect of the bank products and survey. The research collected to detail information by personal interview and data collection sheet. 2. 3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This study has been conducted with a variety of important objectives in mind. The following provides us with the  objectives that have tried to achi eve through the study. The extent to which these objectives have been met could judge from the conclusions and suggestions, which appear in the later of this study. The main objective of the study is to know about the potential of the market regarding people’s dealing in financial services. †¢ To know the role of all financial services. †¢ To know where people have already opened their Account and on what basis. 2. 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research is an art of scientific investigation. In other word research is a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on specific topic. The logic behind taking research methodology into consideration is that one can have knowledge about the method and procedure adopted for achievement of objectives of the project.With the adoption of  this others can evaluate the results also. Its main aim is to keep the researchers on the right track. The methodology adopted for studying the objectives was surveying the saving a ccount holders of District HOSHIARPUR. So keeping in view the nature of requirements of the study to collect all the relevant information regarding the comparison of saving account of Centurion Bank of Punjab with other  banks direct personal interview method with structured questionnaire was adopted for the collection of primary data. Secondary data has been collected through the various magazines and newspaper a nd by surfing on internet.And the guide in the organization was consulted at many times. 2. 5 SELECTION OF THE SAMPLE It becomes impossible to contact each and every individual of the population due to limitations of essential resources like time and money. Therefore, the study is preferably allowed down to a representation sample to make the study more manageable. Keeping in view the objectives and resource limitation of the study, 100 respondents were considered. Respondents – 100 The selected sample is representative of the population and is accurate and practi cable. 2. 6 SAMPLING TECHNIQUETo study the Project, a Simple Random Sampling technique is used. 2. 7 SAMPLING PLAN The following factors will be taken into consideration within scope of sampling plan. 1 Sampling unit: It defines the target population that will be sampled i. e. it answers who is to be surveyed. In this study, the sampling unit is customers using internet banking. 1 Sampling size: It indicates the numbers of people to be surveyed. Though large samples give more reliable results than small sample but due to constraints of time and money, the sample size was restricted to 50 respondents. 2. 8 COLLECTION OF DATAAfter the research problem has been defined and the research design has been chalked out, the task of data collection begins. The data can be collected mainly through primary sources, but it was supplement with secondary data. * Primary data collection: Primary data is the data which is collected through observation or direct communication with the respondents in one form or another. These are several methods for primary data collection like Observation Method, Interview Method, through schedules, through questionnaires and so on. * Secondary data collection methods: Secondary data is collected through Internet. Internet We also take into consideration the internet facility with which we  collect lot  of  latest information. * Journal and publications of different banks We also take into consideration the journals and publications issued by the bank  at different times. We  comes to know about the Branches, ATM, locations and other useful information. 2. 9 LIMITATION OF RESEARCH Every research has its own constraints which keep limitation to work similarly this research has also limitation due to which the researcher could not get detailed information regarding project. These are: – Though full efforts have been made but due to the lack of past experience in the marketing field I failed some areas have been left from includi ng in the study †¢ Due to the limitation of time I was unable to cover more sample (data collection sheet) and to fridge the lead granted. CHAPTER 3 PROJECT INTRODUCTION 3. 1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION As a part of curriculum the students of MBA have to undergo Summer Internship Program (SIP). Wherein a student gets the knowledge about practical life, how the work is done in companies, how to get acquainted with working conditions and other many such things, etc. he main aim behind this program is that students get some experience with which he could get assistance while searching the job. This program is generally provided by a company and it lasts for at least two months. Students as per their specializations could apply for SIP and get the opportunity to work in a company, which the college suggests. As a management student I also have to undergo SIP. I got the opportunity to complete this program in AXIS BANK LTD. , for two months. Axis bank is one of the leading BANKS in banking sector in India. First of the two months was devoted to training.Our training started with the session of information about bank product and sale sand – what is the meaning of the concepts, importance of sales and marketing was taught. The second part was about open an account-why we open an account in bank, about the banking sector- as avenue for investment, how banking sector is Better Avenue for investment. The next session was about detailed knowledge about banking sector-how to sell these products in market. The last session was about the practical knowledge about how to get appointment of customers and how to convince them to take the product.In the second month we have sell the products directly in the market, procedure of selling the products etc. 3. 2 MEANING OF WHOLESALE BANKING OPERATIONS The Wholesale Banking contains products sold to large and middle market commercial companies, as well as to consumers on a whole sale basis. This includes lending, treasury manag ement, mutual funds, asset-based lending, commercial real estate, corporate and institutional trust services, and investment banking through Wells Fargo Securities. The company also owns Baring ton Associates, a middle market investment bank.Wells Fargo historically has avoided large corporate loans as stand-alone products, instead requiring that borrowers purchase other products along with loans which the bank sees as a loss leader. One area that is very profitable to Wells, however, is asset-based lending: lending to large companies using assets as collateral that are not normally used in other loans. This can be compared to subprime lending, but on a corporate level. The main brand name for this activity is â€Å"Wells Fargo Foothill,† and is regularly marketed into mb stone ads in the Wall Street Journal.Wells Fargo also owns East dil Secured, which is described as a â€Å"real estate investment bank† but is essentially one of the largest commercial real estate bro kers for very large transactions (such as the purchase and sale of large Class-A office buildings in central business districts throughout the United States). The wholesale banking operations consist of the following transactions: 1. Opening of Account 2. Issue of Check book 3. International Debit / Credit Card 4. Issue of Demand Draft (DD) 5. Net banking 6. E-mail statement 7. Phone banking 8. Insta Query 9. Insta Alert 10. Bill pay 11. Passbook 12.Quarterly Account Statement 13. Loan Facility. 3. 3 CONCEPT 3. 3. 1 SAVING ACCOUNT INFORMATION Definition: A deposit account at a bank or savings and loan which pays interest, but cannot be withdrawn by check writing. Types of Saving Account In Axis Banking 1. Zero Balance Savings Account At Axis Bank it has been constant endeavor to create products specifically catering to your needs. The account while offering a whole range of services also addresses your latent need of having an account without the hassle of maintaining an average qua rterly balance. Features: – 1. No Average Quarterly Balance requirement 2.Free International Debit Card with an Accidental Insurance cover up to Rs 2 lakhs* (charges for the primary holder are waived). 3. Free mobile banking facility 4. Access through more than 825 branches and more than 3595 ATMs 5. At-Par cheque facility with the clearing limit of Rs 50,000 6. 24Ãâ€"7 Tele banking & Internet banking. 7. Free quarterly statements8. Free monthly e-statement Conditions Apply:- 1. Initial funding of Rs. 5,500. 2. Account maintenance fee of Rs. 500 per annum 2. Krishi Savings Account (Kheti Ho Khushahali ki) Axis Bank offers a unique savings account which is easy to operate and allows you to transact immediately.This product has been specially designed keeping in mind the unique requirements of a farmer and true to its nature has been called the Krishi Savings Account. Some of the features of our new product are: Average Balance Requirement : This account is offered with the re quirement of maintaining the half-yearly average balance of Rs 1000only. International Master Debit Card: The Krishi Savings Account entitles you to an International Master Debit Card with which you can access your account anytime through the Axis Bank ATM network free of cost. This card comes with a cash withdrawal limit of Rs 25,000 per day.Free Accident Insurance cover of Rs 2 lacks. Anywhere Banking: Being a Krishi account holder, you are entitled to access our wide network of more than 825 branches and 3595 ATMs across 440 cities. You can now easily carry out your transactions through any of the branches or ATMs. At Par Cheque Book: Your Krishi Savings Account comes with the At-Par Cheque facility. This facility enables you to en cash the cheques as local instruments at any of the 440 centers where the Bank has its presence, at no extra cost. Moreover, you can also issue cheques at other centers upto the limit of Rs 50,000. Easy Access Savings Account (Banking made easy) * A â €“ Accessibility * C – Convenience * C – Comfort * E – Earnings * S – Speed * S – Service Want a savings account that transcends geographical boundaries? Presenting, Axis Bank's Easy Access Savings Account. The account is an endeavor by the Bank to understand the consumers' needs and redefine banking to suit your requirements for a truly comfortable banking experience. Easy Access Savings Account gives you instant access to your money anywhere, anytime. Possessing a range of unmatched features, it has been devised to better suit the convenience of our eclectic client base.You can avail of all these services with a minimum quarterly average balance of Rs. 5,000 in metro or urban centers, Rs. 2,500 in semi urban centers and Rs. 1,000in rural centers. †¢At-par cheque †¢ATM Network †¢Anywhere Banking †¢ Tele banking †¢ i Connect †¢Mobile Banking †¢Quarterly account statement †¢Quarterly interest @ 3. 5 % per annum †¢Free monthly e-statement. You can avail of all these services with a minimum quarterly average balance of Rs. 5,000 in metro or urban centers, Rs. 2,500 in semi urban centers and Rs. 1,000 in rural centers. Corporate Salary Account:Our Corporate Salary Power Offering is designed to offer pay roll solutions through in a 24 X 7 environment. We leverage on our extensive network of distribution channels spread across 450 centers through a network of more than 827 branches and 3595 ATMs besides our superior service delivery model and product features, as a strong differentiator, to provide value to the end user. Benefit to Employers: †¢Efficient salary disbursal. Web Upload – Transfer salaries/reimbursements directly from your current account with Axis Bank to your employee's accounts using I Connect from your office. Single-instruction salary credit – Same day salary credits for all companies having Corporate Account with Axis Bank. Dedicated relationship manager at metro locations to understand the financial requirements of your employees. Benefit to Employees: †¢No minimum balance criteria. †¢Unparalleled Access – Anywhere banking facility through our network of Branches, ATM and Internet banking facility. †¢AT Par cheque books payable locally at all Axis Bank locations. †¢International Debit cum ATM cards with enhanced Cash withdrawal facility and other value add ones. Online Banking with funds transfer, online shopping and bill payment options. †¢Depository services with free online trading accounts. †¢Meal Cards on a master card platform. †¢Employee Reimbursement accounts as a savings account variant. Preferential pricing on loan products and credit cards and other banking products ; services. 3. Prime Savings Account: Want a customized savings account to suit your specific financial requirements? At Axis Bank, we have always strived to pace our products with the growing needs of our cu stomers.The Prime Savings account has therefore been created with your specific financial requirements in mind. Through the ‘At Par' cheque facility, you have the unique advantage to en cash your cheques as a local cheque at more than 330 centers where the bank has a presence at no extra cost. In addition the account enables you to issue cheques up to Rs. 1 lakhs, which will be treated as ‘At Par' across these locations. You can avail of all these services with a minimum average balance of Rs 25,000 in metro/urban/semi-urban centers and Rs 10,000 in rural centers. 4.Smart Privilege Account: (For the woman of today) In today's busy world it's tough being a working woman. Right from shuttling between a job and family to taking care of her finances she has to be on her toes all the time. Keeping this in mind, we at Axis Bank have designed a savings account best suited for the woman of today. With the Smart Privilege Account, you can manage your money and your life and as we ll as enjoy a host of lifestyle privileges. Furthermore Axis Bank's Smart Privilege Account ensures that you have enough time for all the important things in life. Senior Privilege: (Because life begins at sixty) Are you seeking a banking style that compliments your senior status? Axis Bank's Senior Citizen Savings Account has been designed keeping in mind the fact that a senior citizen's banking requirements are wholly different and require special consideration. * Special Privilege: (A Privilege assures the care you deserve): We have introduced Senior Citizen ID card for our Senior Privilege patrons. Let us briefly introduce the wide range of advantages it hold for you. * Avail of Great benefits with Senior Citizen ID cardID card acts as an age proof. Enabling you to redeem every advantage that you are eligible for, this card will soon help you avail of certain never-before Senior-citizen benefits at various stores, service providers and installation across the nation. * Feel safe Every where Apart from provide you with the power to claim great benefits, card also act as emergency information medium. In case of emergencies, it provides the doctors and authorities with vital data like your blood group, allergies, illnesses, address and emergency contact details.This ensures that you are well looked after in any situation, no matter where you are. * Always a Privilege It will help in strengthen the bond with us and to be of assistance to you at all the times, no matter what your need be. Whether its loan, a savings account or any financial services that you wish to avail of, we will make sure that we're always be there by your side. * Power Salute (Salute to the defense forces) Are you looking for an account that fits with your life in the Defence Forces? Defense Salary Account from Axis Bank is a product designed keeping in mind how tough a life in the Defense Forces is.Not only does it come to you absolutely free, no minimum balance is required either. You c an also access the entire Axis Bank network, including more than 2300 ATMs and 550 branch offices (and growing) no matter where you are posted. With the complete gamut of banking services (including overdrafts, loans and zero-balance requirements) you can now rest assured about your family and all their financial needs. It sour way of showing our appreciation to your work. * Banking Privileges: At-par Cheque Facility * Your job involves constant transfers across the country.With the at-par cheque facility it will no longer be necessary to set up new bank accounts with each transfer. * Additional Debit Card * Along with a free International Debit Card, you also get a free card for the joint account holder. This means that your child or spouse also enjoy the same benefits of banking with Axis Bank. * Financial Advisory Services * Our solutions answer to the twin goals of meeting your requirements and to diversify and spread the risk of your investment portfolio, so you can look forwar d to a comfortable and worry-free life.We first understand your exact investment needs and then design the perfect investment plan for you. 5. Trust/NGO Savings Account: Thoughtful banking for people who spend their lives thinking of others Need special banking for special causes? Axis Banks Trust Account is an effort to offer thoughtful banking for people who spend their lives thinking of others. It is a complete banking solution for Trusts, Associations, Societies, Government Bodies, Section 25 companies and NGOs, so that the organizations can devote all of their time to their noble motivations. Features:- A savings account for your trust with a concessional average quarterly Balance a multi-city at-par cheque facility with no limit on clearing payments at centers across the country wherever we are present. Free anywhere banking across all our Branches and Extension Counters and over all our ATMs. Free Demand Drafts or Pay Orders as and when required by you to remit funds. Free co llection of cheques at outstations locations free monthly e-statement Monthly Statement of Account delivered at your doorstep.Facility for collecting donations in your account through our network of Branches and extension counters across the country, as well as through I Connect – our Internet Banking facility. Also, Axis Bank can offer the facility to donate funds to your Trust through our Internet Banking facility I Connect to its customers. An Axis Bank customer can donate any amount to your Trust through the Internet. In such cases, the savings account of the customer gets debited and the savings account of your Trust gets credited with the amount of donation at the same time.At the end of every month, the Bank will provide an MIS giving details of the amount of donations and the name of donor. This will enable the Trust to issue receipts to the donors. Free Internet Banking facility that enables you to view the status of your account, transfer funds and carry out a numbe r of banking activities from the comfort of your home or office. * Investment Advice * Our Financial Advisory Desk will provide portfolio management advice as well as help you undertake investments. * Free Demat To facilitate your investments, we offer a free Demat Account (charges due to NSDL must still be levied) to our esteemed account holders in the Trust or Society segment. * Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act [FCRA] accounts * The FCRA account enables approved organizations to receive foreign contributions for utilization in their activities in India. The Bank will provide assistance in the process of documentation and obtaining necessary approvals from Ministry of Home Affairs at New Delhi. 3. 4 CURRENT ACCOUNT INFORMATION 3. 4. 1 CHANNEL ONE: (FOR SUCCESSFUL BUSINESSES)The ‘Channel One’ Current Account is an effort in that direction where we take care of your day to day banking requirements leaving you with more time for your business. Channel One Current Acc ount is most appropriate choice of successful businesses. At a monthly Average Balance (MAB ) of Rs. 10 lack. FEATURES: 1. Relationship Manager. 2. Doorstep Banking. 3. Anywhere Banking. 4. Free Internet Banking. 5. Free 24 hour Tele banking. 6. Mobile Banking Service. 7. International debit card. 8. Cheque Protection Facility. 9. Free 24 – hour cheque deposited facility. 10. Payment of Government Taxes/ Dues. 11. Foreign exchange services. . 4. 2 BUILDERS AND REAL ESTATE: Axis Bank understands the increasing demands on businesses in this segment . Here’s presenting the Axis Bank Builder ; Real Estate Current Account a current account with unparalleled product features built to suit Builders ; Realtors exclusively. This account offers you unmatched convenience while adding financial value to your businesses spread over geographies. . At a monthly Average Balance (MAB) of Rs. 5 Lacks this account comes loaded with special facilities and benefits, most appropriate for yo ur business. FEATURES: 1. Home Branch Cash Deposit. 2. Non – Home Branch Cash Withdrawal. . Free Anywhere Banking. 4. Cluster facility. 5. Zero Balance account for Vendors and Suppliers. 6. Franking Facility. 7. Customer cheque printing. 8. Internet Banking. 9. Free 24-hour Phone banking. 10. Mobile Alerts. 11. ATM cum Debit Card. 12. Free Monthly Account Statement. 3. 5 TRAINING IN WHOLESALE BANKING OPERATION 3. 5. 1 CORPORATES Corporate Banking reflects Axis Bank's strengths in providing our corporate clients in India, a wide array of commercial, transactional and electronic banking products. We achieve this through innovative product development and a well-integrated approach to relationship management. Funded Services: Working Capital Finance, Bill Discounting, Export Credit, Short Term Finance, Structured Finance, Term Lending. * Non Funded Services: Letter of Credit, Collection of Documents, Bank Guarantees. * Value Added Services: Syndication Services, Real Time Gross Settlement, Cash Management Services, Corporate Salary Accounts, Reimbursement Account, Bankers to Right/Public Issue, Forex Desk, Money Market Desk, Derivatives Desk, Employees Trusts, Cash Surplus Corporate, Tax Collection * Internet Banking: Supply Chain Management, Corporate Internet Banking, Payment Gateway Services. 3. . 2 SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: At Axis Bank we understand how much of hard work goes into establishing a successful SME. We also understand that your business is anything but â€Å"small† and as demanding as ever. And as your business expands and enters new territories and markets, you need to keep pace with the growing requests that come in, which may lead to purchasing new, or updating existing plant and equipment, or employing new staff to cope with the demand. That's why we at Axis Bank have assembled products, services, resources and expert advice to help ensure that your business excels.Solutions are designed to meet your varying needs. The follo wing links will help you identify your individual needs. * Funded Services: Funded Services from Axis Bank are meant to directly bolster the day-to-day working of a small and a medium business enterprise. From working capital finance to credit substitutes; from export credit to construction equipment loan – we cater to virtually every business requirement of an SME. Click on the services below that best define your needs * Non-Funded Services: Under Non-Funded services Axis Bank offers solutions that act as a catalyst to propel your business.Imagine a situation where you have a letter of credit and need finance against the same or you have a tender and you need to equip yourself with a guarantee in order to go ahead. This is exactly where we can help you so that you don't face any roadblocks when it comes to your business. The following are the services that will precisely tell you what we can do Business Accounts, Letters of Credit, Collection of Documents, Axis Bank Trade, Guarantees, Cash Management Services, Money Market Desk, Derivatives Desk, Services to Cash Surplus Corporate, Services to Employee Trusts, Bankers to Rights/Public Issue, Tax Collection. Specialized Services: Axis Bank is one of the most trusted entities when it comes to specialized services like selling of precious metals to customers. Under specialized services you can also avail customized control of your value chain through our internet banking platform. * Value Added Services: There is a plethora of services that we offer under value added services. There's corporate salary account which ensures smooth payment methods to your staff. You can avail an assortment of credit cards and debit cards from our merchant services. The following are the highlights of this service:Real Time Gross Settlement, Reimbursement Account, Custody Services, Corporate Salary Accounts, Merchant Services, Axis Bank Gold Business Credit Card. * Internet Banking: Internet banking is a revolutionary servi ce under the banking sector and Axis Bank is a forerunner in providing you with this service. We provide state-of-the-art payment gateway services to industries and companies in order to ease transaction processing. This in turn enhances the credibility of your business and makes banking extremely cost-efficient. 3. 5. 3 GOVERNMENT SECTOR:Axis Bank acts as an active medium between the government and the customers by means of various services. These services include : * Tax Collection Where in customers can directly pay their taxes like Direct taxes, Indirect taxes and Sales Tax collections at their local Axis Bank * E-Ticketing Helps the customer by providing him a direct access to book a Railway Ticket online and get it home delivered * Opening of L/C's is done by the bank on behalf of Government of India, Mints and Presses, thus facilitating imports for the Government. * Collection of levies and taxes on behalf of Municipal Corporations i. . Kalyan -Dombivli Municipal Corporation, is undertaken by the Bank. * Collection of stamp duty is done via franking mode in the states of Maharashtra & Gujarat. The Stamp Duty Franking Facility is available at following branches in Maharashtra Fort, Chembur, Lower Parel, Mira Road, Thane (Talao Pali), Panvel, Ratnagiri, Pune (FC Road), Kolhapur, Nagpur, Pimpri. The Stamp Duty Franking Facility is available at following branches in Gujarat Ahmedabad (Navrangpura), Kutch (Mundra), Baroda (Gotri Road), Surat (Ring Road), Bhavnagar & Vapi (GIDC). Disbursement of Pension to retired Employees of Central Govt and Defence is directly done by Axis Bank along with the disbursement of pension to the members of EPFO (Employees Provident Fund Organization) * Electronic Collection of fees on behalf of DGFT is done by the bank too * Ministry of Corporate Affairs Collection of ROC fees for the Ministry through authorized Branches and Net Banking. * Collection of Property Tax through Selected Branches on behalf of Municipal Corporation of Delhi CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION 4. 1 Analysis of QuestionnaireThe study was conducted and primary data was collected through questionnaire method. For this purpose, 100 respondents of the TANDA city were approached of 100% in the branch has been shown below: Q1 Customer having accou

Application for Qualified Teacher Status Nationals of European Economic Area

Please indicate the eligibility condition you satisfy: i) You have successfully completed a course of post-secondary higher education of at least three years’ duration, as well as the professional training which may e required in addition to that postsecondary course. ii) In a member state where post-secondary higher education of at least three years is the normal requirement, you are recognised and permitted to practise as a qualified school teacher, having undertaken some lesser education and training in such a State (acquired rights). iii) You are recognised in an EEA state by virtue of qualifications obtained outside of the EEA and have three years’ certified professional experience in that state. 3 Teacher qualifications If you are not sure whether you consider yourself disabled as defined by the Act, or need information, please contact the Equality and Human Rights Commission on 0845 604 6610 (phone), 0845 604 6630 (fax), 0845 604 6620 (textphone), or visit www. equalityhumanrights. com Ethnicity: Please put a cross in one box to indicate your cultural background. This information will be used to estimate the number of teachers from different ethnic groups to enable the TA to track and help monitor equal opportunities for all teachers. Qualified teacher status Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) is an accreditation made to those teachers who meet the professional standards required to be able to teach in maintained schools, non-maintained special schools or pupil referral units in England. Without QTS a teacher cannot be employed as a qualified teacher in state schools. The European Council Directive 2005/36/EC allows EEA nationals who are recognised as qualified school teachers in an EEA state to be recognised as qualified school teachers in England. The Teaching Agency (TA) is the ompetent authority in England for recognising EEA teachers for the award of QTS under this directive. This application form is designed for teachers who are qualified to teach the compulsory age-range in England (5-16). Are you eligible for QTS? To be eligible for recognition as a qualified school teacher in England under the directive, you must be able to satisfy one of the following three conditions: 1. You have successfully completed a course of post-secondary higher education of at least three years’ duration, as well as the professional training which may be required in addition to that post-secondary course. . In a member state where post-secondary higher education of at least three years is the normal requirement, you are recognised and permitted to practice as a qualified school teacher, having undertaken some lesser education and training in such a state (acquired rights). 3. You are recognised in an EEA state by virtue of qualifications obtained outside of the EEA and have three years’ certified professional experience in that state. Recognition for school teachers is covered by Article 13 under Directive 2005/36/EC. The directive can be found online at http://eur-lex. uropa. eu/(directive) How to apply Please complete all parts of the form in full and attach any additional information on separate sheets. 1. Personal details Please ensure the contact address you supply is the address you wish all TA correspondence to be sent to. If you do not have a UK national insurance number, please leave this box blank. You need to send in evidence of your EEA nationality e. g. photocopy of passport, ID card etc. If your name is different to that on your qualifications you will need to send in evidence of your change of name e. g. hotocopy of marriage certificate etc. 2. Eligibility Please tick which criteria you meet. Please note that if you are applying under Part 2 b iii you will need to provide a letter of attestation from the EEA state that recognised you that confirms you are a recognised teacher and that you have three years’ professional experience in that EEA State after being recognised by them. 3. Teacher qualifications Please detail your initial teacher training qualifications. Please send in a copy of your teaching qualification along with a certified translation. If your qualification does not clearly state your status as a teacher along with the age-range and subjects you are qualified to teach, please send in a copy of your diploma supplement or transcript to support this. If you needed to complete an induction or probation period to become a fully qualified teacher in the EEA state in which you qualified, please send in evidence of this also. 4. Higher education qualification Please complete this section if your initial teacher training was a postgraduate course. You will need to send in a copy of your higher education qualification along with a certified translation. 5. Particulars of employment as a school teacher undertaken in the last ten years. Please detail employment you have undertaken in the last ten years after you qualified as a teacher. 6. Diversity This information will be used to estimate the number of teachers from different ethnic groups to enable the TA to track and help monitor equal opportunities for all teachers. 7. Declaration Please sign and date this section of the form. All applications must be signed and dated before they can begin to be processed. Translations For your qualifications listed in parts 3 and 4, you need to send in certified English translations of these documents. A certified translation must be undertaken by an independent competent translator. The Association of Translation Companies can tell you about translation companies: www. atc. org. uk Please note we do not accept UK NARIC comparability statements in lieu of certified translations. UK NARIC provides a service whereby qualifications from outside the UK are compared to the UK’s qualification frameworks. These can be useful in demonstrating your level of education to potential employers or educational institutions. You will need to send photocopies of your proof of nationality and additional supporting document if your name is different to those on your qualifications. We do not require certified translations of your evidence of nationality or change of name; you may however wish to accompany them with a translation you have completed yourself. Where to send your documents: Once the application form is completed, please send it to us at the following address: QTS and Induction Division Teaching Agency 7th Floor, 53-55 Butts Road Earlsdon Park Coventry CV1 3BH United Kingdom Please remember to send photocopies of your supporting documents and translations. The TA does not accept responsibility for original documents. What happens next When we receive your application form we will send you a letter acknowledging receipt of your application. If there are any documents missing from your application we will contact you within one calendar month from the date of receipt. Once we receive a complete application the TA has four months in which to assess and make a decision on whether to award you QTS under the terms of Directive 2005/36/EC. If you are successful you will be regarded as a qualified teacher in England and you will be sent: †¢ your QTS certificate; and †¢ your teacher reference number (if you do not already have one). If you are unsuccessful in your application we will write to you stating why. Applicants wishing to appeal must do so within four months of the notification of the decision. Getting a job Most teachers look for work through advertisements in national and local newspapers.

Benefits of Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Benefits of Globalization - Essay Example If an organization has already planned how will they cope up with globalization then they can easily extract the benefits. In the same way organizations that do not plan from before are unable to take benefits from globalization. Organizations tend to get more active and competitive in result of globalization due to the fact that newer and better firms enter the market. At this situation an organization cannot relax with the idea of brand loyalty, as people tend to change brands. Qualities with price have become the major factor for buying decisions. In the next five years the international market will become more competitive, prices will go down and quality of products will increase this can be said seeing the present trend of the market. These changes will affect international marketing. Promoting a product would be more through the technical aspects of the product. Marketers would have to find newer and more innovative ideas to attract the customers. Any organization that is givin g a better quality in a matched price would be successful. The on-going process of globalization leads to the emergence of a 'global order' engendering new and pressing moral and ethical issues. In the hands of the powerful, notably global business, globalization has the reality to embed the full range of injustices and inequities that the global economy can deliver. For example those of you familiar with the debate about supply of cheap medicines to Africa have experienced this first hand. In some parts of the world, globalization has destroyed the fish resources of the Pacific by using bigger foreign fishing vessels. It also has the capacity to destroy the tropical forests in PNG and Indonesia because China and Europe want plywood. In both cases, communities are destroyed and livelihoods of future generations are removed. There are different ethical and social issues that an organization can face while doing business internationally. The first and major issue to any organization that is operating a business in the international market is to adopt the social and cultural norms of a country. Other issues include polluting the environment of the country, using ingredients in the product that the people of the country prohibit to use. Another problem can be the different style of the same product that is being used in the country. For example in United States hot dogs are made from ham but in Pakistan hot dogs are being made using meat. To handle these situations an organization needs to plan its actions before hand. This is the only option that's most suitable to for any organization. A study of the ethical issues before launching the product should be carried out and planning on how to solve these issues should be done as well. Ans. 3 As the marketing director the first thing that I will do is to check the demand of my product in the region and the countries that will host the product. The next step would be of studying the different cultures and norms that prevail in those countries or region. The third step would be a study about related products in the region or the countries and how they are handled. How successful they are and what type of marketing

International Students Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Students Care - Assignment Example The people I interviewed were involved with marketing responsibilities primarily in publicly traded corporations and small businesses, chosen because of their expertise in the field and professionalism. The following is a summary of what I learned from the questions in the interviews with the three subjects: Person#1 - Lindsey (Marketing Department – GEICO Insurance): Marketing is a busy job and the markets are always changing. Marketing is a field of possible under-employment for a M.B.A. graduate, though may lead to company career progress. Marketing is people and image oriented, requiring a professional demeanor and conduct. There is a vast difference in the quality of marketing jobs from company to company. Person #2 - Keith (Accounting – Lee’s Golf Superstores) You have to love math and numbers to enjoy accounting because lots of people find it a boring job. There is lots of work in the accounting department in any company, so search for the company that ref lects a wider personal interest. The accounting department may lead to direct management or training in some instances such as small business. Accounting is heavily related to IT (Information Technology) in modern business. Person #3 - Holly (Hospitality – Best Western Hotels): Social people seek success in this career realm because being social is a needed aspect of personality for most people. Working in groups is much easier in the business world than in university. You learn in the business world more than what you learn in university. Technology has made marketing easier, more inexpensive, and faster to reach its market audience. Challenging preconceptions in the marketing field is what keeps you moving forward in your career I chose these three people for the interview because of my interest in working in similar fields, as well as because of their expertise displayed in the career. I also had the advantage of knowing these people personally, and wanted to use my connec tion with them to explore the ideas of networking and gain more understanding of practical business management issues. Interview #1 - Marketing My interview subject in Marketing was Lindsey, who works in the GEICO Insurance Company as an advertising representative. Her job duties primarily incorporate the management of local advertising campaigns with national or corporate plans and material. She maintains networking contacts with over 100 different publications, advertisers, direct-mail printers, and other groups. She does not have responsibility for the GEICO website, as it is a national job. However, she does have to work intensively to manage central corporate policies and strategies related to marketing in the local environment. To do that, she values personal skills and positive thinking in business contacts and activities. Nevertheless, she feels underemployed in this position with an M.B.A. and would like to move up to more senior level management positions in the company. G EICO is owned primarily by Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway Group, making this potentially one of the better companies in America to work for in terms of salary and benefits. Lindsey said, â€Å"

Literary Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literary Analysis - Essay Example Through the character played by Tala, Mitch acknowledges the theme that â€Å"In life there are no random acts.† When Eddie –the main character- set fire to the prisoner of war camp, he had it in the back of his mind that he saw a kid in the camp. The event had haunted Eddie throughout his life and even he would have nightmares at times at the thought of killing a child. For this act, Mitch calls for the need of Christians to take ample responsibility for all their actions. Mitch teaches â€Å"lives are sacrificed for the sake of saving others.† Eddie’s captain had promised that he would never leave his soldiers behind during the Second World War. The promissory ends up costing The Captain his life as he was being held captive at the prisoner of war camp. Was it not for The Captain’s sacrifice, three of his soldiers –including Eddie- could have died over a landmine. Finally, of all the themes that â€Å"I Am My Brother’s Keeper† ministry believes in, love binds the believers most: And Mitch procures this message through his character Ruby. At heaven, Ruby could be a lot older. However, the love for his husband; Emile, still stood strong. Through Ruby and Emile’s love, Eddie –and all the believers- learn that life may end but love will endure forever. â€Å"Love is powerful,† and whoever believes in it secures eternal

The Afterlife and Great Leaders of Great Civilizations Essay

The Afterlife and Great Leaders of Great Civilizations - Essay Example Ancient Egyptians believed that their dead go to an Afterlife, and that the latter could continue to affect the living’s fortunes. For example, in â€Å"Above the Entrance† it says that those who pass by his tomb and say â€Å"a thousand loaves and beer jugs / For the owners of this tomb† will get a loyal guard for life in form of Harkhuf’s spirit, while those who â€Å"[enter] the tomb unclean† would be seized â€Å"by the neck like a bird† and â€Å"be judged for it by the great God.†   The text suggests that respect for people in authority does not end with their death. It shows that the ancient Egyptians believed in the power of the dead in affecting their lives, so they found it essential to show proper respect to their tombs. In addition, ancient Egyptians appeared to believe that good deeds in real life resulted to good rewards in the Afterlife. The â€Å"Above the Entrance† talks about the good works of Harkhuf. In par ticular, it says that he gave â€Å"bread to the hungry,† â€Å"clothing to the naked,† and â€Å"brought the boatless to the land.†   In other words, he was a kind and helpful public servant. He was generous to all. His charity could be connected to him being an â€Å"excellent equipped spirit,†   because his goodness could be rewarded well in the Underworld. The text indicates that life after death reflects the goodness of one’s lived life. Moreover, the ancient Egyptians had a complex religious system.

Climate change Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

Climate change - Dissertation Example Climate change is the biggest environmental problem that the world is facing today. High-intensity storms and hurricanes are hitting the United States and Australia, ice sheets in the Arctic and Antarctic regions are rapidly melting and severe droughts in Indonesia have resulted in fires razing the nation’s forests to the ground. Apart from direct destructive impacts to the environment, global warming also poses a threat to human health. Increasing amounts of rainfall will give rise to the spread of vector-borne diseases. Despite the overwhelmingly negative effects of climate change, current trends still reflect rising levels of temperature. Out of the 20 hottest years on the planet, 19 occurred from 1980 until the present. According to NASA, 2005 was the warmest year recorded for over a century (Gutro, 2006). Human activity is the primary cause of this drastic increase in the world’s temperature. The burning of fossil fuels to meet the energy demands of households, businesses, and industries is number one on the list of greenhouse gas emissions. The world’s total energy consumption is directly proportional to population levels. Simply put, the more people there are, more of world’s resources are utilized. Sustainable development is key to ensure future generations’ survival. The Kyoto Protocol aims to provide a solution the pressing problem of climate change. The United Kingdom being one of the signatories has committed to reducing carbon emissions significantly by the year 2010 (Wikipedia, 2006). ... Increasing amounts of rainfall will give rise to the spread of vector-borne diseases. Despite the overwhelming negative effects of climate change, current trends still reflect rising levels of temperature. Out of the 20 hottest years of the planet, 19 occurred from 1980 until the present.ivAccording to NASA, 2005 was the warmest year recorded for over a century (Gutro, 2006)v. Human activity is the primary cause of this drastic increase of the world's temperature. The burning of fossil fuels to meet the energy demands of households, businesses and industries is number one on the list of greenhouse gas emissions. The world's total energy consumption is directly proportional to population levels. Simply put, the more people there are, more of world's resources are utilized. Sustainable development is key to ensure future generations' survival. The Kyoto Protocol aims to provide a solution the pressing problem of climate change. The United Kingdom, being one of the signatories, has committed to reduce carbon emissions significantly by the year 2010 (Wikipedia, 2006)vi. This has given rise to several policies that the government has authored in order to meet the set target. This paper focuses on energy efficiency and the introduction of renewable energy as two of the solutions that the United Kingdom's construction sector have given attention to. The effectiveness of regulations in place will be studied to see if these would be adequate to significantly decrease the country's carbon emissions. Emerging insights from adaptive and community-based resource management suggest that building resilience into both human and ecological systems is an effective way to cope with environmental change characterized by future surprises or unknowable risks. We

Compare my experience in taking an online course versus that of a Essay

Compare my experience in taking an online course versus that of a traditional classroom course - Essay Example , weigh the facts, make connections and use this information to achieve a wide variety of outputs, the â€Å"acquisition of skills, knowledge and attitudes† (Boradbent, 2002: 111) that makes a successful learner. For me, a rich learning experience is found whenever it becomes possible for students to be actively engaged in the learning process. This happens when the knowledge to be gained is transmitted in a way that encourages students to apply various learning techniques to the material thus making it possible for them to achieve lifelong learning in whatever area they choose. However, as more and more colleges begin to offer online courses, it is important to compare the level of learning that can be achieved in these classes as compared with more traditional environments. Before it is possible to determine which learning environment would be best for me, I first underwent a process of discovering my own personal learning style. This was a difficult process because I didn’t seem to have any one way in which I learned best. David Kolb suggested that there are basically four different types of learning styles used by the majority of students to differing degrees. Within his classification system, I recognized two methods that particularly applied to my individual learning style including the diverger and the accommodator (Kolb, 2002: 114). What helps me to learn best is when I find myself in an open environment where discussions can take place without being afraid of offending and where ideas can be explored. However, there are times when even this is not exactly the best option for me as I just need to engage in some passive activity, learning from other people’s ideas. This is not unusual as Boradbent indicates, â€Å"learning styles ar e not cast in concrete. Learners are not always hooked on one style† (2002: 115). At the most basic level, I agree with Mel Silberman (cited in Boradbent, 2002: 115) who says that the most effective learning

Analysis of Learning Theory Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Learning Theory Essay Teaching and education in the church utilizes both the spiritual, as well as the psychological. Andy Stanley and Lane Jones in their book Communicating For A Change discuss teaching the Bible in a clear and concise way that encourages one to change. William Yount in his book Created to Learn examines traditional learning theory and how it applies to teaching the Bible. Andy Stanley has come up with three ways one can approach teaching the Bible. The first way is to teach the Bible to people. This method is just to educate the people about Bible facts. It does not address doctrine or to dig deeper into biblical truth. Stanley states, â€Å"This is the perfect approach for the communicator whose goal is to simply explain what the Bible teaches.† This is not a very helpful teaching method. Just knowing Bible knowledge will not impact one’s life. Change requires application. The second way to approach teaching Scripture is to teach people the Bible. This is the traditional way pastors and teachers approach the Scriptures. It is three points and a poem. Stanley states, â€Å"This goal differs from the first in that the communicator takes his audience into account as he plans his approach.† The third method of teaching is the method the authors present, which is hearing and doing. Stanley states, â€Å"A third goal, and the one I subscribe to, is to teach people how to live a life that reflects the values, principles and truths of the Bible. In short, my goal is change. I want them to do something different instead of just think about it.† This is best summed up when James states to be a doer of the Word not just a hearer, in the first chapter, talks about being a hearer and a doer of the Word. Appling the Word is the only way one will see any change in one’s life. Learning also has a psychological aspect as well. There are various theories on how one learns. One such theory is behavioral learning theory. Behavioral theory teaches that one learns through conditioning. Edward Thorndike has adapted traditional beha vioral learning to the classroom. William Yount describes Thorndike’s law of readiness. â€Å"The law of readiness states that learning proceeds best when learners are properly prepared to respond†¦In the classroom, learning proceeds best when learners are made ‘ready’ – when they are engaged in the subject – at the beginning of the session.† The law of readiness takes into account the environment where learning takes place. By providing the optimal learning environment, the teacher is creating an atmosphere that encourages learning. Learning also takes place through repetition and practice, which is known as the law of exercise. The third law Thorndike recognizes is the law of effect. Yount states, â€Å"The law of effect states that any response that is followed by pleasure or reward strengthens the association between that response and its stimulus.† This theory treats human learning just like training an animal. It does not take into consideration man’s spiritual nature. However, conditioning is useful in classroom management and conduct. Another theory of learning is social learning theory. Albert Bandura is the psychologist who popularized this theory. It has four stages. Stage one is known as attention. Yount states, â€Å"Attention is attracted, intentionally or not, by the perception that models help status competence, popularity, success, or similarity.† The concept of modeling is best described biblically as discipleship. The next phase is called retention. Yount states, â€Å"Retention – ‘retaining information or impressions’ – refers to the observer’s encoding of the model’s behavior into memory so that it can be remembered and produced at a later time.† This is done by mentally storing the information in one’s brain. The third stage is production. Production is practicing the observed behavior and adapting it based on feedback. This concept is learning by doing what one has seen in the model. Jesus sent out the disciples in groups of two to put into practice what they have learned. The fourth stage is motivation. The learning is motivated by their behavior being reinforced. This is done through feedback, both positive and negative. Social learning theory is consistent with the process of discipleship. Mentors are able to model what the Christian life looks like and the disciples put that behavior into practice. A third learning theory is cognitive learning theory. One form of cognitive learning is known as discovery learning. Yount states, â€Å"Discovery learning builds upon direct instruction to help students see the relationships among principles and concepts. It leads to longer-lasting retention of the material, as well as higher self-esteem in learners. Discovery learning encourages the development and use of creative thinking skills, involving formal logic, but more, including beliefs, desires expectations, emotions, and intentions of learners.† Discovery learning is made up of five concepts. The first concept is structure. This is organizing material in a concrete way in order to be taught. It is organizing material into outlines or graphs and the like. The next concept is presentation. Yount states, â€Å"Bruner believed that people possess different modes of under standing, and that these modes were available to learners of any age. He called these modes the enactive, the iconic, and the symbolic.† The enactive mode is learning by doing and seeing presentations. The iconic mode is learning visually by pictures and such. The symbolic mode is learning by describing complicated concepts verbally. The third concept is economy. This concept deals with the idea that providing too much information can cause overload and actually hinder learning. Stanley refers to this when evaluating traditional Bible teaching. The next concept is power. This power is best found in keeping learning simple and concise. Breaking concepts down into formulas or diagrams is helpful. The final concept of discovery learning is motivation. Yount states, â€Å"Intrinsic motivation sustains that will to learn; extrinsic motivation does not. Intrinsic motivation comes from the student’s own curiosity, their drive to achieve competence, and reciprocity – the desire to work cooperatively with others. These are rewarding in themselves, and thus, self-sustaining. The fourth learning theory is educational humanism. This concept takes the whole person into consideration and is learner focused. Yount states, â€Å"Learners are persons; therefore, life-changing learning engages personal attitudes, emotions, and values. The goal of educational humanism was to personalize the classroom.† There are several positive aspects to humanistic learning. One is the ability for teachers to build relationships with their students. This can also apply the modeling concept of social learning. Another positive aspect is the ability for students to explore their feelings and emotions. Yount states, â€Å"In the context of Bible study, exploring personal feelings and sharing personal testimonies are means to spiritual growth as God’s Word speaks, and Bible truths are discovered, personalized, and integrated into the authentic activities of life.† Learning theory impacts how one approaches teaching the Bible. In the opinion of the author, social learning theories, as well as, aspects of discovery learning and humanistic learning are effective in teaching the Scriptures. The concept of modeling is biblical. When Jesus told the disciples to follow Him, He was inviting them into a modeling relationship. This is the call to discipleship. By discovering biblical truth and applying to one’s life, both individually and in community, is how one grows in Christ. Bibliography Stanley, Andy and Lane Jones. Communicating For A Change. Colorado Springs: Multnomah Books, 2006. Yount, William R. Created to Learn: A Christian Teacher’s Introduction to Educational Psychology. Nashville: BH Academic, 2010. [ 1 ]. Andy Stanley and Lane Jones, Communicating For A Change, (Colorado Springs: Multnomah Books, 2006), 93. [ 2 ]. Stanley and Jones, 94. [ 3 ]. William R. Yount, Created to Learn: A Christian Teacher’s Introduction to Educational Psychology, (Nashville: BH Academic, 2010), 178. [ 4 ]. Yount, 179. [ 5 ]. Ibid., 219. [ 6 ]. Ibid., 220. [ 7 ]. Ibid., 221. [ 8 ]. Ibid., 242. [ 9 ]. Ibid., 243. [ 10 ]. Stanley and Jones, 102. [ 11 ]. Yount, 244. [ 12 ]. Ibid., 313. [ 13 ]. Ibid., 323.

The Enterprise Resource Planning At Reebok Business Essay

The Enterprise Resource Planning At Reebok Business Essay Reebok introduces products into the market on seasonal and annual basis. Their product infusion into market is at least five to seven times in given calendar year. On an average it takes 18 months to produce a new product from scratch, however the exemption being quick to market products which takes more no more than 3 months to be produced. The network and rapport with the suppliers and distributors is immense to facilitate faster times to gain industry feedback, to send out new goods faster to the shelves. Challenges which ERP implementation addressed The common challenges which Reebok had owing to the size of its huge customer base and disbursed manufacturing facilities. Globe sales network and varied preferences. To satisfy this, Reebok wanted a systems solution which can actually lower the product development time, condense stats from all quarters of the world of both B2B and B2C information at a click of a button away. Was ERP really able to help them to address their concern is what is analyzed in the following slides. Past Environment The information that the company had was all scattered and it was as small islands, hence retrieving them was difficult. The transparency of information was there. Obsolete information was getting stacked and technology at factory was outdated and off shore of the administration to monitor. Command over process was lost. All this lead to high stress levels of employees. Image 1 is pictorial representation of the past environment Image 1. Current Environment Huge investments into automation, lead to a change in scenario. Through internet factory activities were monitored. Computerization means single data base with high transparency and latest information at just a click away. There is no manipulation of data. This also has led to relatively lower stress levels. Image 2. Key attributes of current environment Centralized information storage has enabled book keeping of entire full-fledged product information irrespective of the area they are manufactured and underlying technology. This advanced feature of digital environment has helped in command and control of the entire process and create digitally generated images of finished goods would look like. Association and tagging of products with respective categories is made easy, this paves way for future enhancement of product portfolio with much fuss and worrying about data loss or pattern miss-match. Internet, common platform ERP makes 24/7 contact with all divisions (from suppliers to vendors) of the supply chain. Industry triggers are indicated automatically. Results of ERP implementation in product development ERP implementation has helped the company to manage a product line of 15complete seasons seamlessly. 45000 + files are stored electronically in the information storage system. Milestone capping has risen from 2 footwear and 3 apparel to 8 and 9 respectively. E (Electronic) HUB Supplier: Role of ERP The present statistics of logistics: 5,000 + purchase orders per month 40 Main Footwear Factories in 8 Countries 600 Apparel Factories in 29 Countries 450 Raw Material Suppliers 27 Freight Forwarders Transportation modes include Ship, Truck, Rail and Air 34 Custom Brokers This section of the paper discusses the supplier aspect of the supply chain, the role of internet technology in extending the computerization from basic ERP to PLM (Product lifecycle Management) systems. These systems have made life simple, improved operational efficiency by automatically accept purchase orders placed and distribute them to respective departments and production facilities across the globe. It also tracks information of shipping details, track the work in process (WIP) and last but not least publish new labels and images. Old supply chain model Image 3. Image 3 above demonstrates how the previous supply chain system was highly unorganized and cluttered. Such a formation would result in loss, manipulation of information, lead to fuss at every stage of the process and production. The modes of communication too were very primitive, slow, unreliable source such as Fax, Mail, Couriers, site visits, EDI, proprietary file transfers. New Supply Chain Image 4. Image 4 is clear representation of highly organised with a e-hub which acts as single point of contact for all the divisions of supply chain. This agile system ensures instant data transmission without loss or theft in data. Retrieval of information is made a breeze. Communication mode is state of the art Business-to-Business data sharing /Vendor Neutral E-Hub/ Hosted Environment (ASP model), Workflow, message alerts, back office integration with reporting capabilities. Result of revised supply chain Revised supply chain has help achieve increased operational efficiency through electronic transmission of order information directly into the factory systems with added accuracy, lower administration cost. The same system is implemented for newer and upcoming production facilities too. Common platform for process supervision and software as standard across the entire supply chain including small suppliers has benefited in order tracking and back order retrieval prompt. Purchase order mandate is now getting logged automatically which helps finance division of the company to get file year end taxes with little or no fuss. Purchase order can be reprinted at any point in time, while pre- delivered reports can be managed with the tool to over-ride purchase order activity. Recommendations Looking at ERP implementation from the higher level management perspective, obtain the leadership of executives of the organization, get the involved in the process for them understand better the need/ use of this technology in the interest of organizational development. Try and balance the top-down objectives allowing leverage for improving economies of scale and job satisfaction across al verticals of the hierarchy. Implementation process must be gradual and progressive. Sudden rush on improvement in technology and/or drastic development (big-bang implementations) should be avoided in order retain the culture within the organization, to boost employee morale. The ideal development/ implementation phase would be once in every 3 to 6 months. Finance department of the all organizations must take into miscellaneous expenses, include the process down time, employee training costs as part of the budget as this is a substantial quantum over the expected cost of ERP (both software and hardware necessary). Organizations working on seasonal business must ensure that the project lead in and lead out should not fall during the peak of the season as it might result in business getting affected. Adhere in strong project methodology and focus attention on issues and off plan items.If possible, defer most complex technology challenges until team has mastered the technology and gained confidence. Selection of the vendor (service/ support provider of ERP) has to be done after detailed market study. ERP package which allow future expansion must only be selected. Organizations must keep off from software that is not the best fit for the organization.